Mazira, bwenzi langwiro la chakudya chokhazikika
Mazira amakhala ndi mavitamini, michere komanso ma antioxidants ambiri omwe amafunikira thupi ndipo amapereka chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Timasanthula zifukwa zitatu zazikuluzomwe mazira amatha kutengapo gawo lofunikira pakudya mtsogolo ngati chakudya chokhazikika chomwe angasankhe.
Mazira ochezeka
Mazira ndi otsika osagwirizana ndi mapuloteni malinga ndi World Resources Institute (WRI) Protein Scorecard[1]. Izi ndichifukwa chazinthu zatsopano komanso zopindulitsa zomwe zakhala zikupangidwa pafamu komanso m'mazira operekera mazira mzaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mazira kukhala ndi zotsika zazing'ono kwambiri zamapuloteni azinyama komanso zofanana ndi zakudya zina zopangidwa ndi mbewu.
Zitsanzo zabwino zakusintha uku zikuwoneka ku Australia, Canada ndi United States. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ku Australia adapeza kuti nkhuku zimaikira mazira 38 pachaka kusiyana ndi nkhuku zaka 20 zapitazo, ngakhale idadya chakudya chochepa 5%. Pochulukitsidwa pagulu lonselo ku Australia izi zimafanana ndi mazira owonjezera okwanira 800 miliyoni opangidwa ndi tirigu wocheperapo matani 42,000 chaka chilichonse zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma kwa matani 30,000 a kaboni[2].
Mu 2010, chilengedwe cha kilogalamu ya mazira opangidwa ku US chidatsika ndi 65% poyerekeza ndi 1960, ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umachepetsedwa ndi 71%[3]. Pakadali pano ku Canada zotsalira zachilengedwe zopangira mazira zidatsika pafupifupi 50% pakati pa 1962 ndi 2012, pomwe kupanga dzira kudakwera ndi 50%[4].
Komanso, mazira amafuna madzi pang'ono; phazi la dzira ndi malita 29 pa gramu imodzi yamapuloteni, poyerekeza mtedza, chitsanzo cha gwero la mapuloteni obzala mbewu, ali ndi phazi la 139 malita pa gramu[5].
Kafukufuku wowunika momwe magulu atatu achikulire aku Italiya adakhudzidwira ndi chilengedwe; omnivores, ovo-lacto-zamasamba, ndi vegans, sanapeze kusiyana pakukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe pakati pa vegan ndi ovo-lacto-zamasamba[6]. Kuphatikiza ndi mazira abwino azakudya, kumwa mazira kuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi koyenera paumoyo wa anthu komanso thanzi lathu.
Mapindu azachuma komanso chikhalidwe
Tikamakambirana zakudya zodalirika, sitiyenera kuiwala zakumwa ndi zachuma zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zakudya.
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) ya United Nations ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu lazakudya zabwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zakudya, chilengedwe, zachuma komanso anthu[7]. Mazira ndi gwero lotsika mtengo la mapuloteni apamwamba, kutanthauza kuti amayika mabokosi onse ngati chakudya chofikirika komanso chopatsa thanzi kwa ambiri.
Zokolola za nyengo yake zimatha kukhala ndi zotsika mtengo pazokolola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri azisinthana kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe amafunikira pakudya. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi zina mwazomera zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku yemwe adafalitsidwa mu 2017 akuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kwakanthawi kwamitengo yazakudya m'maiko asanu ndi awiri osankhidwa ku Africa pakati pa 2000 ndi 2012 kunali 28.3%, pomwe tomato adakhala ndi 60.8%[8]. Pakadali pano mazira, omwe amatha kupangidwa chaka chonse, anali otsika kwambiri pamitengo 14.1%[8], kupereka gwero labwino kwambiri lazakudya zofunikira.
Mazira alinso chida chapadera chachitukuko komanso chitukuko chokhazikika, monga zimawonekera pantchito zachifundo zambiri. Ali ndi mawonekedwe apaderadera omwe amachititsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mazira kukhala yankho lothandiza, losafuna ndalama m'maiko akutukuka. Mabungwe akuluakulu opereka mphatso zachifundo, monga Gates Foundation ndi Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), onsewa apereka ndalama zowonjezeretsa kumwa mazira kuti apititse patsogolo chakudya cha amayi ndi ana m'maiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso apakati.
Kudzipereka pamakampani
Bungwe la World Egg Organisation (WEO) lazindikira zisanu ndi ziwiri za UN SDG's pomwe malonda a mazira ayamba kale kuchitapo kanthu: kukwaniritsa njala, thanzi labwino ndi thanzi, maphunziro apamwamba, ntchito zabwino komanso kukula kwachuma, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi kupanga, kuchitapo kanthu kwanyengo. ndi maubwenzi. Makampaniwa akupitiliza kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zomwe alonjeza ndipo akunyadira kuti ndi gawo loyamba lazaulimi padziko lonse lapansi kutsatira ganizo la Consumer Good's Forum lokhudza kuthetsa ntchito yokakamiza.[9]
Zakudya zamitundu mitundu zofunikira mu dzira sizingafanane ndi zakudya zochepa kwambiri. Mazira amapereka mavitamini ndi mchere wofunikira, komanso amapereka mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikizana ndi kuchepa kwachilengedwe, mazira ndi omwe amagwirizana nawo pazakudya zotsika mtengo, zathanzi, komanso zodalirika masiku ano - monga tikuyembekezera mtsogolo.
[1] Bungwe la World Resource Institute (WRI)
[2] Mazira aku Australia
[3] Sayansi Yanyama
[4] Alimi A mazira aku Canada
[5] Mapazi Amadzi
[6] Nature
[7] FAO
[8] Ndondomeko Ya Zakudya
[9] Komiti Yadziko Lonse ya Mazira