Mazai, mudiwa akakwana wekudya kwakasimba
Mazai ane huwandu hwakawanda hwevitamin, zvicherwa uye antioxidants inodiwa nemuviri uye inopa sosi inoenderera yehutano. Isu tinoongorora zvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu nei mazai achigona uye achifanira kutora chinzvimbo chakakosha mumasisitimu echikafu mune ramangwana sekudya kusingagumi kwesarudzo.
Zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari mazai
Mazai akaderera anokanganisa mapuroteni sosi maererano neWorld Resources Institute (WRI) Protein Scorecard[1]. Izvi ndezvekutenda kune hunyanzvi hwekuita uye hunobudirira hwekuwana hwakagadzirwa papurazi uye mune yekudyiwa kwezai mumakore achangopfuura, zvichikonzera mazai ane yakaderera kabhoni tsoka yezvinowanikwa mhuka mapuroteni sosi uye zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvekudyara-zvinodyiwa.
Mienzaniso mikuru yekuvandudza uku inogona kuonekwa muAustralia, Canada neUnited States. Ongororo dzichangoburwa muAustralia dzakawana kuti huku dzinokandira mazai makumi matatu nemasere pagore pane yehuku yaiita makore makumi maviri apfuura, kunyangwe ichidya chikafu cheshanu muzana. Kana ikawandeiwa mukati meboka rose renyika muAustralia izvi zvinoenzana nemamwe mazai emamirioni mazana masere anoburitswa nezviuru makumi mana nezviviri zvematani zvishoma zviyo gore roga roga zvichikonzera kuponeswa kwematani emakumi matatu ematani ekabhoni.[2].
Muna 2010, tsoka yezvakatipoteredza yekirogiramu yemazai yakaburitswa muUS yakanga yaderedzwa ne65% kana ichienzaniswa na1960, nemhepo inokanganisa gasi inodzika ne71%[3]. Zvichakadaro muCanada tsoka yezvakatipoteredza yekugadzirwa kwezai yakadzikira neinosvika 50% pakati pa1962 na2012, nepo kugadzirwa kwezai kuchiwedzera ne50%[4].
Uyezve, mazai anoda mvura shoma; chitsiko chezai chine marita makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe pagiramu yeprotein, mukuenzanisa nzungu, muenzaniso wepuroteni-inodzika sosi, ine tsoka ye29 litita pagiramu[5].
Chidzidzo chinotarisa kukanganisika kwezvakatipoteredza kwemapoka matatu evakuru veItaly; omnivores, ovo-lacto-zvinomera, uye vegans, haina kuwana mutsauko mukukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pakati pevegan uye ovo-lacto-zvinomera[6]. Kana zvabatanidzwa pamwe neakakosha ehutano emazai anobata, kudyiwa kwemazai kunofanirwa kutariswa sekunakira hutano hwevanhu uye hutano hwepanyika.
Zvehupfumi uye nzanga mabhenefiti
Kana tichikurukura nezvezvikafu zvinogara zviripo, hatifanire kukanganwa zvinoitika muhupfumi nemagariro ezvekudya.
Chikafu neKurima Organisation (FAO) yeUnited Nations ine dudziro yakafara yezvikafu zvakagadzikana, zvinosanganisira chikafu, nharaunda, hupfumi uye nzanga.[7]. Mazai sosi inotengeka yeprotein yemhando yepamusoro, zvichireva kuti vanomaka mabhokisi ese sechikafu chinowanikwa uye chine hutano kune vazhinji.
Nguva yemwaka wezvibereko inogona kuita zvakakosha mukukwanisika kwezvibereko, kazhinji zvichitungamira kune avo vari pamari yepasi vachitora chinzvimbo chakati kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvekudya zvinovaka muviri. Michero mitsva nemiriwo ndeimwe yezvirimwa zvakabatwa zvakanyanya neongororo yakaburitswa muna2017 ichiona kuti pavhareji yemwaka wemitengo yezvikafu munyika nomwe dzakasarudzwa muAfrica pakati pa2000 na2012 yaive 28.3%, nematomatisi aine mukaha mukuru pa60.8%[8]. Zvichakadaro mazai, anogona kugadzirwa mukati megore rose, aive nemutengo wakaderera kwazvo wekuchinja kwemutengo we14.1%[8], ichipa yakaenzana yepamusoro-soro sosi yezvakakosha zvinovaka muviri.
Mazai zvakare chishandiso chakasarudzika chekusimudzira magariro uye nekusimudzira, sekuonekwa kuburikidza nebasa remasangano mazhinji. Ivo vane zvakasarudzika hunhu hunoita kuti kuitisa kugadzirwa kwezai ive inoshanda, inodhura-mhinduro mhinduro munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Masangano makuru erupo, akadai seGates Foundation uye Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), vese vakapa mari yekuwedzera kudyiwa kwemazai kusimudzira chikafu chemamai nemwana munyika dzine mari shoma nepakati.
Maindasitiri kuzvipira
World Egg Organisation (WEO) yakaratidza zvinomwe zveUN SDG's uko indasitiri yemazai yave kuita zvakakosha: kuwana zero nzara, hutano hwakanaka uye kugara zvakanaka, dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro, basa rakanaka uye kukura kwehupfumi, kushandiswa zvine hunyanzvi uye kugadzira, kuita kwemamiriro ekunze. uye kudyidzana. Indasitiri iri kuenderera mberi nekuedza kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo uye inodada kuti ndiyo yekutanga kurima pasi rose kugamuchira chisungo cheConsumer Good's Forum pamusoro pekupedza vanhu vanomanikidzwa kushanda.[9]
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeakakosha mukati mezai dzinogona kusaenzaniswa nezvikafu zvishoma. Mazai anopa akakosha mavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa, pamwe nekupa yemhando yepamusoro mapuroteni. Yakasangana neakadzika ezvakatipoteredza maitiro, mazai ndiwo mudiwa akakwana pazvinhu zvinodhura, zvine hutano, uye zvine mutsigo nhasi - sezvatinotarisa kune ramangwana.
[1] World Resource Institute (WRI)
[2] Mazai eAustralia
[3] Yehuku Sayenzi
[4] Mazai Varimi veCanada
[5] Tsoka Yemvura
[6] muzvarirwo
[7] FAO
[8] Chikafu Mutemo
[9] Yenyika Yese Commission