Kuchengetedza ramangwana rakagadzikana: 7 mazai indasitiri kuzvipira kune UN SDGs
'Sustainability'- nyaya inotyisa muchikamu chezvekurima - inoramba ichikurudzira uye kuumba indasitiri yemazai uye nekupfuura uye yakagadzirirwa kuita basa rakakosha mune ramangwana maitiro ekugadzira.
Kugadzikana kunosanganisira zvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi, uye zvemagariro uye zvinotsanangurwa neUnited Nations (UN) se "kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nezvino pasina kukanganisa kugona kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera kuita zvavanoda"[1].
Muna 2015, vatungamiri venyika 193 vakazvipira ku UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Zvinangwa izvi zvinomiririra chiono chakagovaniswa kubvisa urombo nekusaenzana kwevanhu uye kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze panosvika gore ra2030.
Pazvibodzwa gumi nezvinomwe, chirongwa cheIEC cheGlobal Initiative for Sustainable Eggs (GISE) charatidza zvinangwa zvinomwe apo indasitiri yemazai yepasi rose yave kutotanga kuita.
Chinangwa Chechipiri: Zero Nzara
Muna 2020, UN yakafungidzira kuti vanopfuura 30% yehuwandu hwepasirese havana kuchengetedzwa zvine mwero kana zvakanyanya, uye vana 149.3 miriyoni vari pasi pemakore mashanu vakakamhina. [2].
SDG 2 inotarisira kupedza nzara uye kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri muvakuru nevana panosvika 2030 nekuwedzera kuwana chikafu chakachengeteka, chinovaka muviri, uye mazai anogona kuva chikamu chemhinduro.
Mazai anozivikanwa seprotein yemhando yepamusoro uye anosvikika uye anogoneka. Iwo ane akawanda mavhitamini, zvicherwa uye antioxidants anodiwa nemuviri uye akave akaratidzwa kuve akabatana nekukura kuri nani, kugona kwekuziva uye kukura kwemota. [3].
Ongororo ichangoburwa yemhedzisiro yemazai pakudya kwevana uye budiriro muEcuador yakawana kuti mazai anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kukura muvana vadiki uye kuderedza kuwanda kwekudonha ne47% [4].
Basa rinogona kuita mazai mukurwisa nzara rinobvumwa nemabhizinesi emazai pasi rose, uye vazhinji vari kuita nhamburiko yekuona kuti mazai anogona kupihwa kune avo vanoda kudya kunovaka muviri. Somuenzaniso, the International Egg Foundation (IEF) kuunza zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana munyika dzine mari yakaderera uye yepakati, dzakadai seMozambique neUganda, uko kuburikidza nekupa zviwanikwa uye kudzidziswa, mharaunda inopihwa simba rekugadzira mazai zvinogara, zvichiwedzera kuwana kwavo mapuroteni emhando yepamusoro.
Chinangwa 3: Hutano Hwakanaka uye Hutano
Kuchengetedza hupenyu hune hutano nekusimudzira hutano pamazera ose ndiyo inotarisa SDG 3. Pamusana pehuwandu hwavo hwekudya uye bioavailability, mazai ane simba rekuvandudza zvakananga migumisiro yehutano hwevanhu vakuru nevana pasi rose.
Mazai ane mapuroteni emhando yepamusoro uye ane mavhitamini gumi nematatu nemamineral. Izvi zvinosanganisira kazhinji kushaya mamicronutrients akadai vitamini D, kuitira kuchengetedza hutano hwehutano uye mhasuru chimiro, uye vhitamini B12, yekuderedza kuneta.
Zvokudya zvezai zvinoratidzwawo mune dzakawanda zvidzidzo zvesainzi kubatsira hutano hweziso, kukura kwekuziva, immune system basa, uye kukura kwe fetal. Iwe unogona kuwana zvakawanda nezve zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira mazai pane yedu 'Kupwanya Egg Nutrition' peji.
Chinangwa 4: Dzidzo Yemhando
Dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro kumunhu wese yakakosha pakuona kuti vanhu pasi rese vanowana hunyanzvi neruzivo rwunodiwa kuti varambe vaine hutano, vawane mabasa, uye vasimudzire raramo. Mazai anoita kuwedzera kukuru kune chikafu chevadzidzi veese mazera - dzine choline inotsigira kukura kwehuropi uye kuisa pfungwa.
Indasitiri yezai yakatsaurirwa kuwedzera ruzivo rwekukosha mazai anogona kupa maererano nekudya, zvakatipoteredza, uye mararamiro.
Somuenzaniso, muColombia, National Federation of Poultry Producers yeColombia (Fenavi), inomhanya 'Nzira Yendarama Yezano Rezvokudya Kune Vakwegura' - basa refoni rinopa dzidzo yekusununguka yezvokudya pamusoro pezvokudya zvine utano uye basa remazai kuzvizvarwa zvekare, nerutsigiro rweColombia Association of Clinical Nutrition. Zano rinopihwa nenyanzvi dzehutano uye rakagadzirirwa munhu wega wega.
Uyezve, kuti American Egg Board kupa huwandu hwezviwanikwa zvemahara pawebhusaiti yavo zvinodzidzisa vadzidzi, kubva kukireshi kusvika kuchikoro chesekondari, nezve mabhenefiti mazhinji emazai, ane mazai akabatanidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvidzidzo semasvomhu nesainzi.
Masangano akaita seInternational Egg Foundation anoisawo mari muzvirongwa zvedzidzo zvakaita se '.Zvikoro Zvezai Zvepasi rose' - iyo inopa vanhu vekumaruwa muAfrica yose neunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti vave varimi vemazai vanobudirira. Zvirongwa izvi zvakurudzira mabasa, kusimukira kweupfumi hwenyika pamwe nekuvandudzwa kweutano hwakanaka.
Chinangwa 8: Basa Rakanaka uye Kukura Kwehupfumi
SDG 8 inotsvaga kusimudzira hupfumi hwakabatana uye hwakasimba, basa, uye basa rakanaka kune vese, uye indasitiri yemazai inogona kuita basa rakanaka mune izvi.
Kugadzirwa kwemazai kwatove kwakakosha kuwana mari kune vagari vekumaruwa pasirese, nevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni mana vanoshandirwa nechikamu chezai pasi rose. [5].
Vakadzi vanoumba chikamu chikuru chevarimi (kunyanya munyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati), uye kune kushingaira kweindasitiri kuedza kwekuwedzera uku kubatanidzwa.
Semuenzaniso, Varimi veMazai vekuCanada (EFC) vanomhanyisa 'Vakadzi vari muEgg Industry Program' kukurudzira chizvarwa chinotevera chevatungamiriri vechikadzi muindasitiri yezai yeCanada. Nhume dzinopinda mumikana yedzidzo, networking, uye indasitiri zviitiko, kuvaka hukama uye kugovana zviitiko. Parizvino, 1/3 yeCanada Farm vanoshanda vakadzi [6].
Kuvhura kugona kwakazara kwevadiki indasitiri yezai nyanzvi uye kukurudzira kushingaira kubatanidzwa kwevadiki muchikamu, IEC inomhanyisa 'Vatungamiri Vediki Mazai (YEL) Chirongwa'. Vatori vechikamu vanopihwa mazano kubva kuvakuru veindasitiri yezai manhamba uye masangano evanodyidzana kuburikidza nemharidzo, masemina ehutungamiriri, nhaurirano dzakatenderedzwa uye mikana yakasarudzika yekushamwaridzana.
Chimwe chinangwa chakakosha cheSDG 8 ndechekubvisa kumanikidzwa kushanda, huranda hwemazuva ano, kutengeswa kwevanhu, uye kushandiswa kwevana. Muna 2018, WEO yakagamuchira iyo Chisungo cheConsumer Goods Forum panyaya yekumanikidzwa kushanda - kuzvipira uku kwakaita kuti indasitiri yemazai ive yekutanga boka rezvigadzirwa zvepasi rose kutora matanho ekusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu nemamiriro ekushanda akanaka.
Chinangwa 12: Zvinotarisirwa Kushandiswa uye Kugadzirwa
Chinangwa cheSDG 12 ndechekuchengetedza mararamiro ezvizvarwa zvazvino uye zvenguva yemberi nekuona mashandisiro ane chekuita uye maitiro ekugadzira. Mazhinji matambudziko akakosha epasirese, akadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kusvibiswa, zvinogona kukonzerwa nekukuvadza uye kusagadzikana kushandiswa nekugadzirwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kutora matanho.
Indasitiri yemazai yakazvipira kugadzira chikafu chinovaka muviri nenzira dzakatipoteredza uye dzine mutoro, uye mabhizinesi mazhinji emazai pasi rese akatoita nhamburiko huru kuchinangwa ichi.
Somuenzaniso, 10 vevagadziri vemazai makuru gumi nevaviri munyika yacho muAustralia vakatoshandisa imwe simba rezuva pamapurazi avo. [8]. Pamusoro pezvo, muCanada, matura zero mambure ari kushanda, uko simba rinoshandiswa nedura rakaenzana nehuwandu hwesimba rinodzokororwa rezuva rakagadzirwa panzvimbo. [9].
Kugadzirwa kwezai kunogonawo kuva tenderera, netsvina inowanzodzokororwa zvakare muhurongwa kuti ibudise zvimwe zvinobuda. Semuenzaniso, manyowa anogona kushandiswa kuisa fetereza mbesa dzinozoshandiswa kudyisa matinji - izvi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwezvekushandisa kunze uye kuwedzera simba rekushandisa.
Mazai anocherechedzwa zvakare neWorld Resource Institute seyakaderera-impact protein sosi - huku zvinoshandura chikafu kuita mapuroteni uye zvinoda nzvimbo diki yevhu kuti zvidaro, zvichideredza kukonzeresa kwadzo kwezvakatipoteredza uye mhedzisiro pane zvipenyu. [10].
Chinangwa 13: Kuita kwemamiriro ekunze
Tembiricha yepasi rose parizvino yakamira pa1.1 madhigirii pamusoro pe pre-industrial level uye iri kuramba ichikwira, zvichiunza kukanganisa kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. [11].
SDG 13 ine chinangwa chekutora matanho echimbichimbi epasi rose kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kudziya kusvika 1.5 madhigirii pamusoro pe pre-industrial level, zvinoenderana neChibvumirano cheParis - kuti zvibudirire izvi, kubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) kunofanirwa kudzikira ne43% pasi rose panosvika 2030. uye kusvika net zero panosvika 2050 [11].
Nzira yakakosha yekucheka utsi ndeyekudzikisa kutorwa kwezviwanikwa uye kuwedzera mashandiro; mazhinji mabhizinesi emazai akatoita kufambira mberi kune ichi chinangwa.
Semuyenzaniso, kushanda zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza muindasitiri yemazai ekuUS, sekufambira mberi muhurongwa hwehuku dzekuvaka, kusimba kwechikafu, uye manejimendi emupfudze, zvakaderedza nharaunda yeindasitiri yezvakatipoteredza ne65% mukati memakore makumi mashanu uye kuburitswa kweGHG ne50% (71-1960). ) [12] [13].
Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo muindasitiri yezai reCanada yakaratidza kudzikiswa kwe41% mukushandiswa kwesimba pakati pa1962 na2012 uye kudzikiswa kwe72% mukubuda kweGHG, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa zvakanyanya nekudyara mune zvinovandudza uye kushandiswa kwekuwedzera simba-rinoshanda magetsi eLED. [7].
Chinangwa 17: Kudyidzana kwezvinangwa
SDG 17 yakatarisana nekuona kudyidzana kwepasirese kuita kwenyika dzakaderera, dzepakati, uye dzepamusoro-soro kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvebudiriro. Inoda kudyidzana pakati pehurumende, masangano akazvimiririra, nemasangano akazvimirira.
Semumiriri wepasi rose weindasitiri yemazai, IEC inoita basa rakakosha mukuunza pamwechete nyika nemasangano kuti vazadzikise maSDG aya. Sangano iri rinoramba richivandudza hukama hunovaka neWorld Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) uye masangano makuru emazai pasi rose, pamwe nekuchengetedza kutaurirana neWorld Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN). ) uye UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchengetedza.
Dzvanya pano kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve egg indasitiri inoenderera.
References
[1] United Nations
[3] E3 Nutrition Lab
[5] IEC Economist
[8] Mazai eAustralia
[9] Mazai Varimi veCanada Sustainability Report
[10] World Zviwanikwa Institute
[12] Pelletier, N, nevamwe (2014)
[13] The Incredible Zai
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