Basa reChikafu Chinobva Mhuka muKudya Kune Utano uye Kunogarisa
6 December 2023
Dr Ty Beal, Research Advisor kuGlobal Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), yakapa nyanzvi yekuongorora basa rinogona kuitwa nemhuka mukurwisa nyaya dzepasi rose dze kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.
Vachitaura pamusangano weIEC Global Leadership Conference muLake Louise, Dr Beal vakasimbisa kukosha kwe kuvandudzwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri munyika dzese, kuenzanisira kuti zvokudya zvinobva kumhuka, zvakadai semazai, zvinogona sei uye zvinofanira kuva chikamu chei kudya kune hutano uye kwakasimba pasi rose.
Dambudziko rakapararira rekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri
Dr Beal vakatanga nekupa muchidimbu nezve mamiriro ekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri pasi rose, kubatanidza kusadya kunovaka muviri uye kuwandisa/kufutisa. “Tinozviona zvakapararira munyika dzose,” akatsanangura kudaro. “Hapana nyika isina mutoro wakakura wezvose zviri zviviri izvi. Ndinofunga zvakakosha kuratidza - tine kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri pasi rose.”
Pamwe nekuenzanisira mazinga e kuoma uye kufutisa, Dr Beal vakaongorora kuwanda kwe kusakwana kwe micronutrient kumativi ose. Nepo 9 kubva pavakadzi gumi vari kushaikwa muzvokudya zvinokosha munyika dzakawanda dzinotambira mari shoma, dzakadai seIndia neCameroon, kunewo kupararira munyika dzine mari yakawanda. Semuyenzaniso, 1 pavakadzi gumi muUK, uye 1 mu 3 muUS vari kushaikwa kamwe chete micronutrient.
Uyezve, Dr Beal vakasimbisa iyo kushomeka kweprotein mukuwanikwa kwechikafu, kunyanya munyika dzine mari shoma: “Vanhu bhiriyoni vanodya mapuroteni asina kukwana.”
Sei tichida chikafu chemhuka
Zvadaro, nyanzvi yekutaura yakadzokorora kushandiswa kwechikafu chemhuka pasi rose, ichiratidza South Asia & sub-Saharan Africa senzvimbo dzine kudya kwakaderera. Sezvo zvakadaro, nzvimbo idzi dzakaratidza kuwedzera kwengozi yekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kunyanya muhuduku hwepakutanga; zvichikonzera kuoma, izvo zvinogona kuva "Hupenyu-hurefu, mhedzisiro inogara".
Dr Beal vakazivawo kukosha kwekuedza kwemazuva ano kukurudzira zvimwe kudya kwakasimba, kunovaka muviri, asi akatsanangura kuti kumwe kudya kunodiwa kwakakurumbira, kwakadai seEAT-Lancet, kune kusakwana kana tasvika pakudya kwakakosha: “Ukangowana chikafu chakanyanya ichi chezvirimwa, unotanga kuona njodzi yakawedzera yekusakwana chezvimwe zvinovaka muviri.”
Aine izvi mupfungwa, Dr Beal vakaongorora mupiro wakasiyana-siyana wezvokudya zvinovaka muviri chezvekudya zvinobva kumhuka, kusanganisira mazai, uye kuti angabatsire sei kurwisa kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri pasi rose. “Zvikafu zvemhuka ndizvo akapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri izvo zvinowanzoshaikwa, semuenzaniso iron, zinc, vhitamini B12 uye choline,” akatsanangura kudaro.
Mukuwedzera, akasimbisa kukosha kwe bioavailability: "Kana iwe uine huwandu hwakafanana hwehuhuhu hwekudya muzvirimwa zvichienzaniswa nezvikafu zvemhuka, hazvisi kupa huwandu hwakafanana hwehuviri hunomwiwa." Semuenzaniso, Dr Beal akatsanangura kuti vhitamini A iripo 12 nguva yakawanda bioavailable kana ichiwanikwa mumanyuko emhuka, kupfuura painotorwa kubva mukudya kwezvirimwa.
Kutarisa chaizvo mazai, mukurukuri akavafananidza nea multivitamin, sezvo vane "mwero wepakati wekudya kwakawanda". Uyezve, akataura kuti nepo zai rimwe chete richingova 4% yesimba rinodiwa kumunhu mukuru wepakati, kukosha kwezuva nezuva kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura 4% kune akawanda ezvinovaka muviri, zvichiratidza nutrient-density.
Planet-positive production
Mushure mekunge vatanga basa rekudya kwemhuka mukudya zvine hutano, Dr Beal vakaenderera mberi nekuongorora kwavo kukanganisa pakusimba. Akacherechedza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekukurukurirana pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwechikafu, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwevhu, kushandiswa kwemvura uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kunyange achiona matambudziko munzvimbo idzi, akapokana kuti kugadzikana kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzira. "Kana yagadzirwa pachiyero chakakodzera, uye zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo chaiyo, uye nekushandisa maitiro akanaka, tinogona kugadzirwa kwakasimba,” Dr Beal vakapedzisa. “Saka tinokwanisa kuva nekudya kunovaka muviri kunosanganisira kudya kunobva kumhuka nezvirimwa pamwero wakafanira, unogadzirwa nenzira dzakarurama.”
Inzwa zvakawanda kubva kuna nyanzvi
Tarisa mharidzo yaDr Ty Beal izere kuti uwane nzwisiso yakananga pamusoro pebasa rinogona kuitwa nemhuka mukurwisa kushomeka kwekudya uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza. (inowanikwa kunhengo dzeIEC chete).
Tarisa mharidzo yakazara ikozvino