Uhlaziyo lwehlabathi kunye namanyathelo alandelayo abalulekileyo kumlo ochasene ne-HPAI
27 Juni 2023
Umkhuhlane weeNtaka eziPhakamileyo (HPAI) ngumba osengqondweni ochaphazela amashishini amaqanda kunye neemarike ezibanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ukubonelela ngethuba eligqibeleleyo lokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nohlaziyo lwehlabathi, iNkomfa yezoShishino ye-IEC e-Barcelona yavulwa kunye neengcali zeshishini eziphonononga lo mxholo ushushu kunye nendlela esiyoyisa ngayo imingeni ephakanyiswa yi-AI.
I-Avian Influenza - kwenzeka ntoni kwihlabathi jikelele?
Ukubonelela ngomxholo obalulekileyo kwiingxoxo, iiseshoni zaqala ngohlaziyo lwengingqi malunga nemeko ye-AI yangoku evela kubameli belizwe be-5. Ndwendwela ikhonkco elingezantsi ukujonga olu hlaziyo lwamalungu kuphela ngoku.
I-Evolution ye-Avian Influenza kunye neendlela zokulawula
Kwinxalenye elandelayo yeseshoni, uDkt David Swayne, uGqirha wezilwanyana kunye neGlobal AI Expert, uxoxe ngokuziphendukela kwe-AI kunye nezindlela zokulawula, kwimbono yesayensi.
UGqr Swayne uchaze ukuba i-AI yintsholongwane encinci ekwaziyo ukuguquka kwaye iguquke, ithatha awona macandelo emfuza angcono phakathi kweentsholongwane ze-AI ezahlukeneyo ukuze uziqhelanise nazo. Wongeze ukuba iintsholongwane ze-AI zinokwahluka kakhulu kwibhayoloji yazo: "Sihlela i-AI ngokwamaqela amabini ahlukeneyo-i-pathogenicity ephantsi, okanye isifo esidala esibangela iintsholongwane, kunye ne-pathogenicity ephezulu, ebangela izifo ezibulalayo ngokwenene."
Ezinye iintsholongwane ezisezantsi ze-pathogenicity (i-H5s kunye nee-H7s) ziya kujika zibe ziintsholongwane eziphezulu ze-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI). Ezi ntsholongwane zinokosulela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkukhu kunye neentaka zasendle, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane nganye, utshilo uGqr Swayne.
Yintoni eyahlukileyo ngale ntsholongwane yangoku?
Ngohlobo lwangoku lweHPAI (H5N1) oluneziphumo ezibi kushishino lwehlabathi jikelele, uGqr Swayne uchaze umahluko ongundoqo kumnombo wale ntsholongwane xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo lwangaphambili.
Ucacisile ukuba into eyenza le ntsholongwane ibe yodwa kukukwazi kwayo ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamadada asekhaya kunye neenkukhu ezisemhlabeni: “Kwicala lezolimo, i-'Achilles heel' yethu ngamadada asekhaya. Zezona zisesichengeni kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenkukhu zethu kule ntsholongwane ye-HPAI. ” Oku kungenxa yokuba amadada afuywayo “ayeyona ntsholongwane ibalaseleyo”, njengoko eyosulela kakhulu kwaye ubukhulu becala ayinazimpawu.
Ingakanani intsholongwane efunekayo ukuvelisa usulelo kwiinkukhu?
Isithethi esiyingcali sichaze ukuba i-1g yelindle iqulethe malunga ne-10 yezigidi zamasuntswana entsholongwane, kwaye i-1g yamathe ekuphumeni kokuphefumla iqulethe malunga ne-100 lezigidi zamasuntswana entsholongwane: kwisihlangu.”
Ukubonisa ukubakho kosulelo kwezi zixa, wongeze wathi: “Kuqhambuko oluncinci apho intsholongwane yayinokusasaza kuphela, sifumanise ukuba kuthatha phakathi kwe-1,000 kunye ne-50,000 yamasuntswana ukufumana usulelo kwinkukhu. Ukuba sijonge ukuqhambuka okukhulu, kuthatha ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-1,000 yamasuntswana entsholongwane. ”
Siyilwa njani le ntsholongwane?
“Fama nganye kufuneka ibenesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokhuseleko lwendalo esibhaliweyo, nesifundiswa bonke abasebenzi basefama,” utshilo uGqr Swayne. "Kwaye ezi zicwangciso kufuneka ziphicothwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uyawafumana onke amakhonkco abuthathaka kwaye wenze izilungiso, ke uya kuwugcina umhlambi ungowona mngcipheko usezantsi wokuziswa."
Ingcaphephe ichonge umahluko ophambili 'kumgca wokwahlula' kunye nentsholongwane yangoku, ixoxa ngendlela ngaphambili i-biosecurity kwisango lefama yayiza kuyigcina ngaphandle, ngelixa ngoku, ngenxa yokuba isasazwa ziintaka zasendle, isango alanele ngokwaneleyo. Endaweni yoko, i-biosecurity kufuneka inyuke iye kumnyango wesibaya, kuba iintaka zasendle zinokungena kwaye zingcolise imo engqongileyo naphina efama.
Ngaphandle kokuqaphela ixabiso kumanyathelo anjalo, uGqr Swayne naye wavuma ukuba "i-biosecurity iyawunciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa ayiwuphelisi", ebonakaliswe ngokusasazeka okuqhubekayo kwesi sifo nakwiinkqubo ezingcono.
Ngaphaya koku, uchonge iqela lemingeni eyayanyaniswa 'nokuphelisa' isifo, kubandakanywa ukunyuka kweendleko zeenkqubo ezinjalo; iinkxalabo ngentlalontle yezilwanyana; kunye nemo esebenzayo yale ndlela, ithetha ukuba ihlala isasazeka kumhlambi olandelayo ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuthatha inyathelo.
Exoxa ngokuqhambuka kweyona ntsholongwane yamva nje, uGqr Swayne uthe: “Amanye amazwe awakwazanga ukuya phambili kwesi sifo kwaye ukuphelisa kungasebenzi ekupheliseni. Le ntsholongwane yaba yinto egqubayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwaloo mazwe luphumeza ugonyo.”
Ugonyo lunokwenza ntoni?
Ngogonyo oluphononongwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo sokulwa i-AI, uGqr Swayne unike ulwazi malunga nenjongo yenzululwazi kunye nesiphumo sogonyo. Ucacisile ukuba ugonyo lonyusa ukuxhathisa kusulelo lwe-AI, ukuze intsholongwane ingaziphindaphindi kumhlambi womzimba. Wongezelela ngelithi ezinye iintaka ezigonyiweyo zisenokosuleleka ngamaxesha athile, kodwa zivelisa intsholongwane encinane kakhulu, zithintela izifo nokufa.
Ushwankathele wathi: “Into ethethwa koku emfanekisweni omkhulu kukuba, kukho ukungcoliseka kwendalo okucuthiweyo, ukuncitshiswa kosulelo phakathi kwaloo ndawo, kunye nokuncipha kokusasazeka phakathi kweeshedi neefama – nto leyo ekhokelela ekugcinweni kwempilo yabalimi kunye nokhuseleko lokutya kwabathengi, kwaye kuphuculwe. intlalontle yezilwanyana.”
Yeyiphi indima enokudlalwa zizitofu kuLawulo loMkhuhlane weeNtaka?
Ukulandela ulwazi lukaGqr Swayne lwezenzululwazi, u-Carel du Marchie Sarvaas osuka kwi-Health for Animals uye waphonononga indima yezitofu zokugonya kunye namanyathelo afunekayo ukuzongeza kwizixhobo zethu zolawulo lwe-AI.
Uvule ngokubonelela ngohlaziyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwangoku kwezitofu zokugonya kwihlabathi liphela: “Ugonyo belusenzeka kwiimarike ezininzi ezahlukeneyo – kukho izitofu zokugonya xa ungekaqhambuki, kwaye kukho izitofu ezingxamisekileyo zokugonya xa unesifo. uqhambuko." Wongezelela ukuba, ngeli xesha, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulawula ziyaqhubeka zibe yi-biosecurity kunye nokucupha.
UCarel emva koko waxoxa ngamanyathelo anokubakho afunekayo ekuphunyezweni okubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanya: ulingo lwesitofu kunye neenkqubo zokuvunywa, iqhinga lokugonya, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso, inkxaso-mali, kunye nezivumelwano zezopolitiko. “Yindlela entsonkothileyo”, watsho “kwaye zonke ezi ziqhubeka ngendlela enye kumazwe ahlukeneyo.”
Ingcali iphinde yaphonononga iiparamitha zogonyo ekufuneka zivavanywe, umzekelo, inqanaba lokuchithwa kwentsholongwane, ixesha lokugonyeka, ukuchonga iintaka ezosulelekileyo nezingosuleliyo, kunye nendlela yokulawula: "Kukho zonke iintlobo zemiba eyahlukeneyo ethi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.”
Ukujonga kwikamva
UCarel uqukumbele ngokubonisa imbonakalo yekamva logonyo lwe-AI: “Ayingabo abavelisi besitofu esithatha isigqibo sokuba kufuneka kubekho ugonyo okanye hayi, ngoorhulumente ke. Kwaye oorhulumente benza oku ngokubonisana namaqumrhu ahlukeneyo. Okokuqala nokuphambili, ngokuqinisekileyo, ishishini lenkukhu kunye neqanda. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba njengoko imeko iqhubeka, abanye abadlali boluntu bafika kwindawo apho oorhulumente bexoxa nabo. ”
Nceda uqaphele: ulwazi olucatshulwe kweli nqaku lwaluchanekile ngexesha lonikezelo (15 April 2023).
Ngaba uliLungu le-IEC?
Vula ulwazi olupheleleyo lwesithethi ngokubukela iintetho zabo ezipheleleyo ngoku:
Sizibophelele ekuxhaseni uluntu lwethu lwehlabathi
IQela leeNgcali ze-Avian Influenza yeHlabathi ye-IEC iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngamanyathelo okuthintela ukuxhasa ishishini lamaqanda kwihlabathi kumlo ochasene ne-AI.
Jonga izixhobo zethu zamva nje kunye nezixhobo ngoku