Ukukhusela ikamva elizinzileyo: izibophelelo ezisi-7 kushishino lwamaqanda kwi-UN SDGs
'Uzinzo'- ngumba ophambili kwicandelo lezolimo - uyaqhubeka ukuphembelela kunye nokubumba ishishini lamaqanda nangaphaya kwaye umiselwe ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zexesha elizayo zemveliso.
Uzinzo luquka imiba yendalo esingqongileyo, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo yaye luchazwa ziZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN) “njengokuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni amandla ezizukulwana ezizayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo”[1].
Ngo-2015, iinkokeli zehlabathi ezili-193 zizibophelele kwi IiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ezili-17 ze-UN (ii-SDGs). Ezi njongo zimele umbono odibeneyo wokuphelisa intlupheko kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngo-2030.
Kwiinjongo ezili-17, i-IEC's Global Initiative for Sustainable Eggs (GISE) ichonge iinjongo eziphambili ezisi-7 apho ishishini lamaqanda lehlabathi sele linempembelelo.
Injongo yesiBini: Zero Indlala
Ngo-2020, i-UN yaqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-30% yabemi behlabathi bakwimo ephakathi okanye kabukhali yokungakhuseleki kokutya, kwaye i-149.3 yezigidi zabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 bakhubazekile. [2].
I-SDG 2 ijolise ekupheliseni indlala kunye nokungondleki kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana ngo-2030 ngokunyusa ukufikelela kokutya okukhuselekileyo, okunesondlo, kunye namaqanda anokuba yinxalenye yesisombululo.
Amaqanda abonwa njengeprotheyini ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ayafikeleleka kwaye anezinto ezininzi. Ziqulethe uninzi lweevithamini, iiminerali kunye ne-antioxidants ezifunwa ngumzimba kwaye zibonakaliswe ukuba zinxulunyaniswa nokukhula okungcono, ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nophuhliso lwemoto. [3].
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje malunga nefuthe lamaqanda kwisondlo somntwana kunye nophuhliso e-Ecuador lufumanise ukuba amaqanda anokonyusa kakhulu ukukhula kwabantwana abancinci kwaye anciphise ukuxhaphaka kokudodobala nge-47% [4].
Indima edlalwa ngamaqanda ekulweni nendlala iyavunywa ngamashishini amaqanda kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye abaninzi benza umzamo obonakalayo wokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqanda anokunikezelwa kwabo banesidingo sesondlo. Umzekelo, i Isiseko seqanda lehlabathi (IEF) ukuhambisa uluhlu lweenkqubo kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi, njengeMozambique kunye ne-Uganda, apho ngokubonelelwa kwezibonelelo kunye noqeqesho, uluntu luxhotyiswe ukuvelisa amaqanda ngokuzinzileyo, ukwandisa ukufikelela kwabo kwiprotheni ephezulu.
Injongo yesi-3: Impilo entle kunye nokuphila kakuhle
Ukuqinisekisa ubomi obunempilo kunye nokukhuthaza impilo-ntle kuyo yonke iminyaka kugxininiso lwe-SDG 3. Ngenxa yobuninzi bezondlo zabo kunye ne-bioavailability, amaqanda anamandla okuphucula ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo zempilo yabantu abadala kunye nabantwana emhlabeni jikelele.
Amaqanda ngumthombo weprotheyini ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye aqulethe iivithamini eziyi-13 kunye neeminerali. Oku kubandakanya i-micronutrients edla ngokunqongophala njenge vitamin D, ukugcina amathambo enempilo kunye nesakhiwo semisipha, kunye ne-vitamin B12, ekunciphiseni ukukhathala.
Isondlo seqanda sikwangqinwa kwizifundo ezininzi zesayensi ukuze kuzuze impilo yamehlo, uphuhliso lwengqondo, ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Unokufumana ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo zesondlo samaqanda kwithi yethu Iphepha 'loKuqhekezwa kweSondlo seqanda'.
Injongo 4: Imfundo esemgangathweni
Imfundo esemgangathweni yomntu wonke ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantu ehlabathini lonke bafumana izakhono nolwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze bahlale besempilweni, bafumane imisebenzi baze bakhuthaze indlela yokuphila. Amaqanda enza ulongezo olukhulu kwizidlo zabafundi bayo yonke iminyaka - ziqulethe i-choline exhasa ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nokugxila.
Ishishini lamaqanda lizinikele ekwandiseni ulwazi ngexabiso lamaqanda anokubonelela ngokutya, okusingqongileyo, kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Ngokomzekelo, eColombia, i-National Federation of Poultry Producers yaseColombia (Fenavi), iqhube 'Umgca weGolide weNgcebiso ngeSondlo kubantu abaDala' -inkonzo yomnxeba ebonelela ngemfundo yesondlo samahhala malunga nokutya okunempilo kunye nendima yamaqanda kwizizukulwana ezidala, kunye nenkxaso ye-Colombian Association of Clinical Nutrition. Iingcebiso zinikezelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo kwaye benzelwe umntu ngamnye.
Ukongezelela, i Ibhodi yeqanda laseMelika ukubonelela ngoluhlu lwezibonelelo zasimahla kwiwebhusayithi yabo ezifundisa abafundi, ukusuka enkulisa ukuya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, malunga neenzuzo ezininzi zamaqanda, kunye namaqanda afakwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ezifana nezibalo kunye nesayensi.
Imibutho efana ne-International Egg Foundation ikwatyala imali kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezifana 'Izikolo zamaqanda ehlabathi' – ebonelela abantu basemaphandleni kwiAfrika iphela ngezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze babe ngamafama amaqanda aphumelelayo. Ezi nkqubo zikhuthaze ingqesho, ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokuphucula impilo yesondlo.
Injongo 8: Umsebenzi ondilisekileyo kunye noHlumo loQoqosho
I-SDG 8 ifuna ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho olubandakanyayo kunye noluzinzileyo, ingqesho, kunye nomsebenzi endilisekileyo kubo bonke, kwaye ishishini lamaqanda lingadlala indima entle kule nto.
Imveliso yamaqanda sele ingumthombo obalulekileyo wengeniso kubantu basemaphandleni kwihlabathi jikelele, ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 abaqeshwe licandelo lamaqanda kwihlabathi jikelele. [5].
Abasetyhini benza umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wamafama (ingakumbi kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi), kwaye kukho umzamo osebenzayo weshishini ngokubanzi wokwandisa oku kubandakanywa.
Umzekelo, amaFama amaqanda aseKhanada (EFC) aqhuba a 'Abasetyhini kwiNkqubo yoShishino lwamaqanda' ukukhuthaza isizukulwana esilandelayo seenkokheli zabasetyhini kwishishini leqanda laseCanada. Abathunywa babandakanyeka kumathuba emfundo, uthungelwano, kunye nemisitho yoshishino, ukwakha unxibelelwano kunye nokwabelana ngamava. Okwangoku, i-1/3 yabasebenzi baseFama yaseCanada ngabasetyhini [6].
Ukuvula amandla apheleleyo eengcali kwishishini lamaqanda aselula kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya okusebenzayo kwezizukulwana eziselula kweli candelo, i-IEC iqhuba 'INkqubo yeeNkokheli zamaqanda amancinci (YEL)'. Abathathi-nxaxheba babonelelwa ngeengcebiso ezivela kumanani aphezulu oshishino lweqanda kunye nemibutho yamaqabane ngokusebenzisa iintetho, iisemina zobunkokeli, iingxoxo ezijikelezayo kunye namathuba onxibelelwano olulodwa.
Enye injongo ephambili ye-SDG 8 kukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa ngenkani, ubukhoboka bale mihla, ukurhweba ngabantu, kunye nokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Ngo-2018, i-WEO yamkele i Isisombululo seQonga leeMpahla zaBathengi malunga nokusebenza ngenkani - oku kuzibophelela kwenza ishishini lamaqanda libe liqela lokuqala leemveliso zehlabathi ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhuthaza amalungelo oluntu kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza.
Injongo ye-12: Ukusetyenziswa ngokuPheleleyo kunye neMveliso
Ingqwalasela ye-SDG ye-12 kukugcina ubomi besizukulwana sangoku kunye nesekamva ngokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kunye neepatheni zemveliso. Imiceli mngeni emininzi ebalulekileyo yehlabathi, efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nongcoliseko, kunokunxulunyaniswa kusetyenziso oluyingozi nolungazinzanga kunye nemveliso, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukuthatha inyathelo.
Ishishini lamaqanda lizibophelele ekuveliseni ukutya okunesondlo ngendlela ephilileyo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye amashishini amaqanda amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele sele enze umzamo omkhulu wokufezekisa le njongo.
Ngokomzekelo, abali-10 kwabali-12 abakhulu bavelisa amaqanda eOstreliya sele besebenzise uhlobo oluthile lwamandla elanga kwiifama zabo. [8]. Ukongeza, eKhanada, i-net zero barns ziyasebenza, apho amandla asetyenziswa yi-barn alingana nomthamo wamandla avuselelekayo elanga adalwe kwindawo. [9].
Imveliso yeqanda nayo ingaba setyhula, kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma zihlala ziphinda zisetyenziselwe ukubuyisela kwisixokelelwano ukuvelisa iziphumo ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, umgquba unokusetyenziselwa ukuchumisa izityalo ezithi emva koko zisetyenziswe ukondla umaleko – oku kunciphisa imfuno yamagalelo angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okongeziweyo.
Amaqanda akwamkelwa liZiko leWorld Resource Institute njengomthombo weprotheyini enefuthe eliphantsi – izikhukukazi ziguqula ngokufanelekileyo ukutya zibe yiprotheyini kwaye zifuna umhlaba omncinci ngokwentelekiso ukwenza oko, zinciphisa ifuthe lazo lokusingqongileyo kunye nefuthe kwintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. [10].
Injongo 13: Inyathelo leMozulu
Iqondo lobushushu lehlabathi ngoku limi kwi-1.1 degrees ngaphezu kwamanqanaba angaphambi kwamashishini kwaye liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, liza neempembelelo ezininzi ezibangelwa yimozulu kwihlabathi jikelele. [11].
I-SDG 13 ijolise ekuthatheni amanyathelo angxamisekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu bube yi-1.5 degrees ngaphezu kwamanqanaba aphambi kwamashishini, ngokuhambelana neSivumelwano saseParis – ukuze kuphunyezwe oku, ukukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu (GHG) kufuneka yehle ngama-43% kwihlabathi jikelele ngowama-2030. kwaye ufikelele kwi-zero eseleyo ngo-2050 [11].
Indlela ephambili yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kukunciphisa ukutsalwa kwezixhobo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle; amashishini amaninzi amaqanda sele enze inkqubela phambili kule njongo.
Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo kushishino lwamaqanda e-US, olufana nokuqhubela phambili kweenkqubo zokufuya iinkukhu, ukuphumelela kokutya, kunye nolawulo lomgquba, kunciphise indawo ekhoyo yoshishino nge-65% kwisithuba seminyaka engama-50 kunye nokukhutshwa kweGHG ngama-71% (1960-2010). ) [12] [13].
Ukongeza, uphononongo kushishino lwamaqanda eKhanada luveze ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-41% phakathi ko-1962 no-2012 kunye nokuncipha kwe-GHG ngama-72%, okunokuthi kubalelwa ikakhulu kutyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwe-LED ukonga amandla ngakumbi. [7].
Injongo ye-17: Intsebenziswano kwiinjongo
I-SDG 17 igxile ekuqinisekiseni intsebenziswano yehlabathi yamazwe aphantsi, aphakathi, kunye nanengeniso ephezulu ukuphumeza iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ifuna intsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente, icandelo labucala, kunye noluntu.
Njengommeli welizwe jikelele kushishino lwamaqanda, i-IEC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni amazwe kunye nemibutho ukufezekisa ezi SDGs. Umbutho uyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obakhayo kunye noMbutho weHlabathi weMpilo yeZilwanyana (WOAH), iForam yeMthengi yeMthengi (CGF) kunye nemibutho emikhulu yamaqanda emhlabeni jikelele, kunye nokugcina unxibelelwano kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO), iZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN) ) kunye ne-UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ukulungisa uluhlu lwemiba yozinzo.
Cofa apha ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokuzinza kweshishini leqanda.
Ucaphulo
[1] amazwe adbeneyo
[2] I-SDG yesi-2 yeZizwe eziManyeneyo
[3] E3 Nutrition Lab
[5] I-IEC Economist
[6] Imagazini yaseKhanada yeenkukhu
[7] Abalimi bamaqanda baseKhanada
[9] Abalimi bamaqanda baseCanada Ingxelo yoZinzo
[10] IZiko leMithombo yeHlabathi
[11] I-SDG yesi-13 yeZizwe eziManyeneyo
[12] Pelletier, N, et al (2014)
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