Ukubuyekezwa Kwembulunga yonke kanye Nezinyathelo Ezilandelayo Ezibalulekile Ekulweni Ne-HPAI
27 June 2023
I-High Pathogenicity Avian influenza (HPAI) yinkinga esezingeni eliphezulu ethinta amabhizinisi amaqanda nezimakethe ezibanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Inikeza ithuba elikahle lokwabelana ngolwazi nezibuyekezo zomhlaba wonke, iNkomfa Yebhizinisi ye-IEC e-Barcelona yavulwa ngochwepheshe bemboni abahlola lesi sihloko esishisayo nokuthi sizinqoba kanjani ngokuhlanganyela izinselelo eziphakanyiswa yi-AI.
I-Avian Influenza - kwenzekani emhlabeni jikelele?
Ukunikeza umongo obalulekile ezingxoxweni, amaseshini aqale ngezibuyekezo zesifunda ngesimo samanje se-AI kusuka kubameleli bezwe aba-5. Vakashela isixhumanisi esingezansi ukuze uhlole lezi zibuyekezo zamalungu kuphela manje.
Ukuvela Komkhuhlane Wezinyoni kanye Nezindlela Zokulawula
Engxenyeni elandelayo yeseshini, uDkt David Swayne, Udokotela Wezilwane kanye Nochwepheshe We-AI Yomhlaba Wonke, uxoxe ngokuvela kwe-AI nezindlela zokulawula, ngokombono wesayensi.
UDkt Swayne wachaza ukuthi i-AI igciwane elincane elinamandla okuqhubeka lishintsha futhi lishintshe, likhetha izingxenye zofuzo ezingcono kakhulu phakathi kwamagciwane e-AI ahlukene ukuze lizivumelanise nawo. Wengeze ngokuthi amagciwane e-AI angahluka kakhulu kubhayoloji yawo: "Sihlukanisa i-AI ngamaqembu amabili ahlukene - i-pathogenicity ephansi, noma amagciwane abangela izifo ezithambile, kanye ne-pathogenicity ephezulu, edala izifo ezimbi kakhulu ezibulalayo."
Amanye amagciwane e-pathogenicity ephansi (ama-H5s kanye nama-H7s) azoshintsha abe amagciwane omkhuhlane wezinyoni wezinyoni (HPAI) we-pathogenicity ephezulu. Lawa magciwane angathelela izinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu nezinyoni zasendle, kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane ngalinye, kusho uDkt Swayne.
Yini ehlukile ngaleli gciwane lamanje?
Njengoba uhlobo lwamanje lwe-HPAI (H5N1) lunemiphumela elimaza kangaka embonini yomhlaba wonke, uDkt Swayne uveze umehluko obalulekile ozalweni lwaleli gciwane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zangaphambilini.
Wachaza ukuthi okwenza leli gciwane lihluke yikhono lalo lokusebenzelana phakathi kwamadada afuywayo nezinkukhu zasemhlabeni: “Ohlangothini lwezolimo, 'i-Achilles heel' yethu amadada afuywayo. Yizona ezisengozini kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu zethu kuleli gciwane le-HPAI.” Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadada afuywayo “ayindawo enkulu yaleli gciwane”, njengoba atheleleka kakhulu futhi awabonakali kahle.
Kudingeka igciwane elingakanani ukukhiqiza isifo ezinkukhuni?
Isikhulumi esinguchwepheshe sichaze ukuthi i-1g yendle iqukethe izinhlayiya zegciwane ezibalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10, kanti i-1g yamathe ekusithekeni kokuphefumula iqukethe cishe izinhlayiya zegciwane eziyizigidi eziyi-100: esicathulweni.”
Ukukhombisa amathuba okutheleleka ngalezi zibalo, wengeze wathi: “Ekuqubukeni okuncane lapho igciwane lalinokusabalala okulinganiselwe kuphela, sithole ukuthi kuthatha izinhlayiya eziphakathi kuka-1,000 50,000 no-16 ukuthola ukutheleleka enkukhuni. Uma sibheka ukuqubuka okukhulu, kuthatha izinhlayiya zegciwane ezisukela ku-1,000 kuye kweziyi-XNUMX XNUMX. ”
Silwa kanjani naleli gciwane?
“Ipulazi ngalinye kufanele libe nohlelo oluphelele lwe-biosecurity olubhalwe phansi, futhi lufundiswe bonke abasebenzi basemapulazini,” kusho uDkt Swayne. "Futhi lezo zinhlelo zidinga ukucutshungulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uthola zonke izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka futhi uyalungisa, ukuze ugcine umhlambi usezingeni eliphezulu futhi usengozini encane kakhulu yokwethulwa."
Uchwepheshe uhlonze umehluko obalulekile 'emgqeni wokwehlukanisa' negciwane lamanje, exoxa ngokuthi i-biosecurity esangweni lepulazi yayizoyigcina kanjani ngaphandle, kanti manje, ngenxa yokuthi isakazwa yizinyoni zasendle, isango alanele ngokwanele. Esikhundleni salokho, i-biosecurity kufanele ikhuphukele emnyango wesibaya, njengoba izinyoni zasendle zingangena futhi zingcolise imvelo noma yikuphi epulazini.
Naphezu kokubona ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo ezinjalo, uDkt Swayne ubuye wavuma ukuthi “i-biosecurity inciphisa ubungozi, kodwa ayibuqedi”, okuboniswa ukusabalala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo ngisho nezinhlelo ezingcono ezikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uveze izinselelo eziningi ezihambisana 'nokuqeda' lesi sifo, okuhlanganisa nokunyuka kwezindleko zalezo zinhlelo; ukukhathazeka kwenhlalakahle yezilwane; kanye nesimo sokusebenza sale ndlela, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile isakazekela emhlambini olandelayo ngaphambi kokuthi ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo.
Exoxa ngokuqubuka kwaleli gciwane lakamuva, uDkt Swayne uthe: “Amanye amazwe awakwazanga ukudlula lesi sifo futhi ukusiqeda akuphumelelanga ekuqedeni. Leli gciwane laqala ukusabalala, ngenxa yalokho, amaningi alawo mazwe asebenzisa ukugoma.”
Yini engenziwa ukugoma?
Njengoba ukugoma kuhlolwa emhlabeni wonke njengethuluzi elengeziwe lokulwa ne-AI, uDkt Swayne unikeze imininingwane ngenjongo yesayensi nomthelela wokugoma. Wachaza ukuthi ukugoma kukhulisa ukumelana nokutheleleka kwe-AI, ukuze leli gciwane lingeke liphindaphindeke emhlambini wokuzivikela komzimba. Wengeze ngokuthi ezinye izinyoni ezigonyiwe zingase zitheleleke ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa zikhiqiza amagciwane amancane kakhulu, avimbele izifo nokufa.
Wafingqa: “Lokhu kusho ukuthini esithombeni esikhulu ukuthi, kunokuncipha kokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukunciphisa ukutheleleka kuleyo ndawo, nokuncipha kokusakazeka phakathi kwezinqolobane namapulazi – okuholela ekugcinweni kwezimpilo zabalimi kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla kwabathengi, futhi kuthuthukisa. inhlalakahle yezilwane.”
Iyiphi indima Engadlalwa Imithi Yokugoma Ekulawuleni Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Ngokulandela imininingwane yesayensi kaDkt Swayne, u-Carel du Marchie Sarvaas we-Health for Animals waphinde wahlola indima yemithi yokugoma kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze iyengeze kuthuluzi lethu lokulawula i-AI.
Uvule ngokunikeza isibuyekezo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwemigomo emhlabeni jikelele: “Ukugoma bekusenzeka ezimakethe eziningi ezahlukene - kunemigomo yokuvikela uma ungakabi nalo ubhubhane, futhi kunemithi yokugomela izimo eziphuthumayo uma usunayo. ukubheduka." Wengeze ngokuthi, ngalesi sikhathi, izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokulawula ziyaqhubeka nokuba yi-biosecurity kanye nokubhekwa.
U-Carel wabe esexoxa ngezinyathelo okungenzeka zidingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa: ukuhlolwa kokugoma nezinqubo zokugunyazwa, isu lokugoma, izinhlelo zokugada, uxhaso lwezimali, nezivumelwano zezombusazwe. “Umgwaqo onzima”, wathi “Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngandlela thize emazweni ahlukene.”
Uchwepheshe uphinde wahlola imingcele yokugoma okudingeka ihlolwe, ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokuchithwa kwegciwane, isikhathi sokugonywa, ukuhlonza izinyoni ezinaleli gciwane nezingenalo amagciwane, kanye nendlela yokuphatha: “Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezihlukene kumele kucatshangelwe.”
Ukubuka esikhathini esizayo
U-Carel uphethe ngokwethula umbono wekusasa lokugonywa kwe-AI: “Akubona abakhiqizi bomuthi wokugoma abanquma ukuthi kufanele kube nokugonywa noma cha, ohulumeni labo. Futhi ohulumeni benza lokhu ngokubonisana nezinhlaka ezahlukene. Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yiqiniso, imboni yezinkukhu namaqanda. Kepha ngicabanga ukuthi njengoba isimo sithuthuka, abanye abadlali bezenhlalo baqala ukukhula lapho ohulumeni beba nezingxoxo nabo. ”
Sicela uqaphele: ulwazi olucashunwe kulesi sihloko lwalunembile ngesikhathi sezethulo (15 April 2023).
Ingabe uyilungu le-IEC?
Vula imininingwane yesipikha ephelele ngokubuka izethulo zabo ezigcwele manje:
Sizibophezele ekusekeleni umphakathi wethu womhlaba
IQembu Lochwepheshe Lomhlaba We-Avian Influenza le-IEC liyaqhubeka nokusebenzela izindlela zokuvimbela ukusekela imboni yamaqanda emhlabeni wonke ekulweni ne-AI.
Hlola amathuluzi ethu akamuva nezisetshenziswa manje