Ukuvikela ikusasa elisimeme: Izibopho zemboni yamaqanda eziyi-7 kuma-SDG we-UN
'Ukusimama' - isihloko esishisayo emkhakheni wezolimo - siyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela futhi silolonge imboni yamaqanda nangale kwayo futhi simiselwe ukudlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukusimama kuhlanganisa izici zemvelo, ezomnotho, nezenhlalo futhi kuchazwa yiNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ngokuthi “ukufeza izidingo zamanje ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhono lezizukulwane ezizayo lokufeza izidingo zazo”[1].
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, abaholi bomhlaba abayi-193 bazibophezele ku- Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme eziyi-17 ze-UN (ama-SDG). Le migomo imele umbono owabiwe wokuqeda ubumpofu nokungalingani kwezenhlalo kanye nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngo-2030.
Ezinhlosweni eziyi-17, iGlobal Initiative for Sustainable Eggs (GISE) ye-IEC ihlonze izinjongo eziyisi-7 lapho imboni yamaqanda yomhlaba wonke isivele yenza umthelela.
Inhloso Yesibili: Zero Hunger
Ngo-2020, i-UN yalinganisela ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-30% abantu emhlabeni abanakho ukudla okusesilinganisweni noma kakhulu, kanti izingane eziyizigidi eziyi-149.3 ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu zikhubazekile. [2].
I-SDG 2 ihlose ukuqeda indlala nokungondleki kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ngo-2030 ngokwandisa ukufinyelela kokudla okuphephile, okunomsoco, namaqanda angaba yingxenye yesixazululo.
Amaqanda abonwa njengamaprotheni ekhwalithi ephezulu futhi afinyeleleka futhi ahlukahlukene. Aqukethe iningi lamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nama-antioxidants adingwa umzimba futhi afakazelwe ukuthi ahlotshaniswa nokukhula okungcono, ukusebenza kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa kwemisipha. [3].
Ucwaningo lwakamuva ngomthelela wamaqanda ekondlekeni kwezingane nasekukhuleni e-Ecuador luthole ukuthi amaqanda angakhuphula kakhulu ukukhula kwezingane ezincane futhi anciphise ukusabalala kokuqina ngo-47%. [4].
Iqhaza elingadlalwa amaqanda ekulweni nendlala liyavunywa amabhizinisi amaqanda emhlabeni jikelele, futhi abaningi benza umzamo oqinile wokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqanda anganikezwa labo abanesidingo somsoco. Ngokwesibonelo, i I-International Egg Foundation (IEF) ukuletha uhla lwezinhlelo emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi, njengeMozambique ne-Uganda, lapho ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza nokuqeqeshwa, imiphakathi inikezwa amandla okukhiqiza amaqanda ngokuqhubekayo, okwandisa ukufinyelela kwawo kumaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu.
Umgomo 3: Impilo Enhle Nenhlalakahle
Ukuqinisekisa izimpilo ezinempilo kanye nokukhuthaza inhlalakahle kuyo yonke iminyaka kugxilwe ku-SDG 3. Ngenxa yokuminyana kwezakhi kanye nokutholakala kwe-bioavailability, amaqanda anamandla okuthuthukisa ngokuqondile imiphumela yezempilo kokubili abadala kanye nezingane emhlabeni jikelele.
Amaqanda angumthombo wezinga eliphezulu wamaprotheni futhi aqukethe amavithamini namaminerali angu-13. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-micronutrients avame ukushoda njenge i-vitamin D, ukugcina ukwakheka kwethambo nemisipha okunempilo, kanye novithamini B12, wokunciphisa ukukhathala.
Ukondliwa kwamaqanda kufakazelwa nasezifundweni eziningi zesayensi ukuze kuzuze impilo yamehlo, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana nezinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco wamaqanda kithi Ikhasi elithi 'Ukudla Kweqanda Eliqhekezayo'.
Umgomo 4: Imfundo Esezingeni
Imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu yabo bonke ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu emhlabeni wonke bathola amakhono nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze bahlale benempilo, bathole imisebenzi, futhi bakhuthaze indlela yokuziphilisa. Amaqanda enza isengezo esihle ekudleni kwabafundi bayo yonke iminyaka - aqukethe i-choline esekela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho nokugxila.
Imboni yamaqanda izinikele ekwandiseni ukuqwashisa ngenani lamaqanda angahlinzeka maqondana nokudla, indawo ezungezile, kanye nempilo.
Ngokwesibonelo, e-Colombia, i-National Federation of Poultry Producers of Colombia (Fenavi), igijima 'Umugqa Wegolide Wokwelulekwa Kokudla Kwabadala' - isevisi yocingo ehlinzeka ngemfundo yamahhala yokudla okunempilo mayelana nokudla okunempilo kanye nendima yamaqanda ezizukulwaneni ezindala, ngokusekelwa yi-Colombian Association of Clinical Nutrition. Izeluleko zinikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo futhi zenziwe ngezifiso kumuntu ngamunye.
Ukwengeza, i Ibhodi Lamaqanda laseMelika hlinzeka ngezinsiza zamahhala kuwebhusayithi yabo ezifundisa abafundi, kusukela enkulisa kuya esikoleni esiphakeme, mayelana nezinzuzo eziningi zamaqanda, namaqanda ahlanganiswe ezifundweni ezahlukene ezifana nezibalo nesayensi.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-International Egg Foundation nazo zitshala imali ezinhlelweni zemfundo ezifana 'Izikole Zamaqanda Zomhlaba' – ehlinzeka abantu basemaphandleni e-Afrika yonkana ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze babe abalimi bamaqanda abaphumelelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zikhuthaze ukuqashwa, ukukhula komnotho kanye nempilo yokudla okunomsoco.
Umgomo 8: Umsebenzi Ohloniphekile kanye Nokukhula Komnotho
I-SDG 8 ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho okubandakanyayo nokusimeme, ukuqashwa, kanye nomsebenzi ohloniphekile wabo bonke abantu, futhi imboni yamaqanda ingabamba iqhaza elihle kulokhu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kakade kuwumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo kubantu basemakhaya emhlabeni jikelele, nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine abaqashwe umkhakha wamaqanda emhlabeni jikelele. [5].
Abesifazane benza ingxenye enkulu yabalimi (ikakhulukazi emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi), futhi kunomzamo osebenzayo wemboni yonkana wokwandisa lokhu kubandakanywa.
Isibonelo, ama-Egg Farmers of Canada (EFC) aqhuba i- 'Abesifazane Abasohlelweni Lomkhakha Weqanda' ukukhuthaza isizukulwane esilandelayo sabaholi besifazane embonini yamaqanda yaseCanada. Izihambeli zihlanganyela emathubeni emfundo, inethiwekhi, nemicimbi yemboni, zakha ukuxhumana futhi zabelana ngolwazi. Njengamanje, i-1/3 yabasebenzi baseCanadian Farm ngabesifazane [6].
Ukuze kuvulwe ngokugcwele amandla ochwepheshe abasebasha embonini yamaqanda kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya okukhuthele kwezizukulwane ezincane kulo mkhakha, i-IEC iqhuba 'Uhlelo Lwabaholi Bamaqanda Abancane (YEL)'. Abahlanganyeli banikezwa ukuqeqeshwa okuvela kwizibalo eziphezulu zemboni yamaqanda kanye nezinhlangano zozakwethu ngokusebenzisa izethulo, amasemina obuholi, izingxoxo ze-roundtable kanye namathuba okuxhumana ayingqayizivele.
Enye inhloso ebalulekile ye-SDG 8 ukuqeda ukusebenza ngempoqo, ubugqila besimanje, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingane. Ngo-2018, i-WEO yamukela i- Isinqumo seConsumer Goods Forum mayelana nokusebenza ngempoqo - lokhu kuzibophezela kwenza imboni yamaqanda yaba yiqembu lokuqala lempahla yomhlaba wonke ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa amalungelo abantu kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezihloniphekile.
Umgomo 12: Ukusetshenziswa Okunesibopho Nokukhiqiza
Ukugxila kwe-SDG 12 kusekugcineni izimpilo zezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ngokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho kanye namaphethini okukhiqiza. Izinselelo eziningi ezibucayi zomhlaba wonke, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokungcoliswa komhlaba, zingabalelwa ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizeni okulimazayo nokungalawuleki, okwenza kube semqoka ukuthatha isinyathelo.
Imboni yamaqanda izibophezele ekukhiqizeni ukudla okunomsoco ngendlela enempilo engokwemvelo futhi enesibopho, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi amaqanda emhlabeni wonke asevele enze umzamo omkhulu ekufinyeleleni lo mgomo.
Ngokwesibonelo, abakhiqizi bamaqanda abangu-10 kwabangu-12 abakhulu bezwe e-Australia sebesebenzise uhlobo oluthile lwamandla elanga emapulazini abo. [8]. Ukwengeza, eCanada, izingobo ze-zero ziyasebenza, lapho amandla asetshenziswa inqolobane alingana nenani lamandla elanga avuselelekayo adalwe esizeni. [9].
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nakho kungaba isiyingi, ngemikhiqizo kadoti ivamise ukugaywa kabusha ibuyele ohlelweni ukuze kukhiqizwe okunye okuphumayo. Isibonelo, umquba ungasetshenziswa ukuvundisa izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukuphakela izingqimba - lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokufakwa kwangaphandle kanye nokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwamandla.
Amaqanda abuye aqashelwe yi-World Resource Institute njengomthombo wamaprotheni anomthelela omncane - izinkukhu ziguqula kahle ukudla kube amaprotheni futhi zidinga umhlabathi omncane ukwenza lokho, ukunciphisa umthelela wazo wemvelo kanye nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. [10].
Umgomo 13: Isenzo Sesimo Sezulu
Izinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke njengamanje limi ku-1.1 degrees ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni futhi liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okuletha imithelela eminingi ebangelwa isimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. [11].
I-SDG 13 ihlose ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphuthumayo emhlabeni wonke ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa ukufudumala kufinyelele ku-1.5 degrees ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni, ngokuhambisana neSivumelwano saseParis - ukufeza lokhu, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa (GHG) kufanele kwehle ngama-43% emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030. futhi ifinyelele ku-ziro ku-net ngo-2050 [11].
Indlela eyinhloko yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinsiza kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle; amabhizinisi amaningi amaqanda asevele enze inqubekelaphambili kulo mgomo.
Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwezemvelo embonini yamaqanda yase-US, njengokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo zokufuya izinkukhu, ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo, nokuphathwa komquba, kwehlise izinga lezemvelo lemboni ngama-65% esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-50 kanye nokukhishwa kwe-GHG ngama-71% (1960-2010). ) [12] [13].
Ukwengeza, ucwaningo olwenziwa embonini yamaqanda yaseCanada luveze ukwehla ngama-41% ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla phakathi kuka-1962 no-2012 kanye nokwehla ngo-72% kokukhishwa kwe-GHG, okungabalelwa ikakhulukazi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni ezivuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-LED ezonga amandla kakhudlwana. [7].
Umgomo 17: Ubambiswano lwezinhloso
I-SDG 17 igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokubambisana komhlaba wonke kwamazwe anemali engenayo ephansi, ephakathi, nanemali ephezulu ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zentuthuko esimeme. Ifuna ubudlelwano phakathi kohulumeni, izinkampani ezizimele, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi.
Njengomele umhlaba wonke wemboni yamaqanda, i-IEC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni amazwe nezinhlangano ukuze kuzuzwe la ma-SDG. Inhlangano iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano obakhayo neNhlangano Yomhlaba Yezempilo Yezilwane (WOAH), Iforamu Yempahla Yabathengi (CGF) kanye nezinhlangano ezinkulu zamaqanda emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo neNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO), iNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ) kanye neNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo ye-UN (i-FAO) ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokusimama.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusimama komkhakha wamaqanda.
Okubhekwayo
[2] I-SDG 2 yeZizwe Ezihlangene
[4] U-Lannott LL, et al (2017)
[5] I-IEC Economist
[6] I-Canadian Poultry Magazine
[7] Abalimi Bamaqanda baseCanada
[9] Egg Farmers of Canada Sustainability Report
[10] I-World Resources Institute
[11] I-SDG 13 yeZizwe Ezihlangene
[12] Pelletier, N, et al (2014)
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Ukwesekela i-Global Initiative for Sustainable Eggs, i-IEC ihlanganise ochwepheshe abanentshisekelo ekukhiqizweni kokudla okusimeme kwezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono imikhuba yokusimama kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lamaqanda. I-Expert Group izosekela imboni yamaqanda ukuze iqhubeke nokuhola phambili ekukhiqizeni amaprotheni asimeme emhlabeni jikelele.
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